Cash Reserves and Financial Strength | UtilityEducation.com
Finance & Financial Reporting  ·  Intermediate

Cash Reserves and Financial Strength

A Guide for Electric Utilities

Build the financial strength your utility needs to weather storms, fund capital projects, and earn — or protect — an investment-grade credit rating. This course walks through reserve targets, written financial policies, and the credit metrics rating agencies actually look at, so you can defend your reserve position at the board table and in a rate case.

★★★★★ 4.8
1.50 CPE Hours Self-Paced Video Intermediate Level NASBA Registered
Watch Free Lesson Preview
Module 0 — Introduction: Cash Reserves and Financial Strength
$157
One-time enrollment  ·  12-month access
Enroll Now — $157
This Course Includes
  • 16 lessons across 6 modules · self-paced
  • Downloadable course materials
  • Flip-card exercise and applied scenarios
  • Review questions in each module
  • NASBA-compliant final exam (10 questions)
  • Certificate of completion (1.50 CPE)
1.50
CPE Hours
6
Modules
16
Lessons
4.8
Average Rating
1,000+
Professionals Served
About This Course

Build a Utility That Can Fund Itself Through the Next Storm, the Next Rate Case, and the Next Bond Issuance

Reserves and financial strength don't happen by accident — they're built through deliberate policy, disciplined multi-year planning, and a clear understanding of how outsiders (rating agencies, regulators, and your own governing board) judge your financial position. This course breaks down the five reserve categories every electric utility should target, shows you how to defend those targets at a rate proceeding, and walks through the credit metrics — DSC, TIER, days cash on hand, equity ratio, and operating ratio — that determine your bond rating.

Whether you're building your first reserve policy or trying to explain to your board why "we have money in the bank" isn't the same as "we have adequate reserves," this course gives you the framework, the benchmarks, and the language to make the case.

Who This Course Is For
  • Utility finance staff building or defending a reserve policy
  • General managers and CFOs preparing for a rate case or bond issuance
  • Governing board members overseeing financial strength
  • Consultants and advisors serving municipal utilities
  • Anyone who needs to understand how rating agencies evaluate utility credit
Your Instructor

Russ Hissom, CPA

Russ Hissom, CPA
Russ Hissom, CPA
Principal, UtilityEducation.com  ·  35+ Years of Utility Accounting Experience

Russ Hissom, CPA is a principal of UtilityEducation.com, providing on-demand professional education in FERC, RUS, FASB, and GASB accounting, finance, and ratemaking for electric utilities. With over 35 years of hands-on industry experience, he brings real-world expertise to a modern learning platform trusted by more than 1,000 professionals.

Learning Objectives

What You'll Be Able to Do After This Course

Explain the three components of municipal utility net position — net investment in capital assets, restricted net position, and unrestricted net position — and clarify why total net position cannot be treated as distributable cash
Describe the governance implications of restricted versus unrestricted net position when funding reserves and capital projects
Apply the reserve formula to calculate target reserve levels for all five utility reserve categories: O&M operating, debt service, rate stabilization, capital improvement, and emergency reserves
Construct a defensible rate proceeding justification for reserve funding using peer benchmarks, written policy, and a multi-year reserve restoration plan
Apply GFOA best-practice guidance for written financial policies covering reserve levels, debt management, revenue stabilization, and capital improvement planning
Explain the GFOA-recommended 90–180 day unrestricted net position benchmark and evaluate a utility's current reserve position against it
Identify the four recurring financial reports a governing board should receive: the annual financial health dashboard, the 5-year capital and financial plan, the quarterly reserve status report, and the pre-bond debt capacity analysis
Interpret a sample governing board financial dashboard (DSC, days cash on hand, equity ratio, operating ratio) against investment-grade targets and peer benchmarks
Construct a reserve replenishment recommendation for a governing board when actual reserve balances fall below policy targets
Calculate the five credit metrics used by rating agencies — DSC, TIER, equity ratio, days cash on hand, and operating ratio — and identify investment-grade target ranges for each
Describe the qualitative factors evaluated in utility revenue bond credit analysis: service territory characteristics, rate-setting flexibility, management quality, and capital plan trajectory
Apply the four-step practical framework for managing and improving a municipal utility's credit rating
Synthesize the five-pillar financial strength framework — written policies, fully funded reserves, managed debt portfolio, 5-year financial plan, and investment-grade credit rating — into an integrated action plan
Translate course concepts into three prioritized actions (ratio calculation, policy audit, and 5-year plan development) for immediate application at the learner's own utility
Inside the Course

Watch a Free Lesson Preview

Module 0 introduces the course roadmap and learning objectives for building financial strength at your utility.

Detailed Curriculum

Inside the Course

Module 0 Cash Reserves and Financial Strength

Course introduction, overview, learning objectives, and roadmap — plus downloadable course materials to follow along.

  • 0.1 – Introduction: Cash Reserves and Financial Strength
  • 0.2 – Welcome! Course Overview and Learning Objectives
  • 0.3 – Your Course Roadmap!
  • 0.4 – Course Materials
Module 1 Understanding Municipal Utility Net Position

Breaks down the components of municipal utility net position and what they mean for governance and reserve strategy.

  • 1.1 – Understanding Municipal Utility Net Position
Module 2 Cash Reserves and the Revenue Requirement

Covers the five reserve categories and how to calculate target reserve levels within your revenue requirement — reinforced with a hands-on flip-card exercise.

  • 2.1 – Cash Reserves and the Revenue Requirement
  • 2.2 – Flip-Card Exercise: Reserve Concepts
Module 3 Financial Policies and Multi-Year Planning

GFOA best-practice guidance for written financial policies and building a 5-year capital and financial plan, with review questions to check your understanding.

  • 3.1 – Financial Policies and Multi-Year Planning
  • 3.2 – Review Questions 1
Module 4 Bond Ratings and Rating Agency Criteria

The five credit metrics rating agencies use to evaluate utility bonds, the qualitative factors behind them, and a scenario exercise to apply what you've learned.

  • 4.1 – Bond Ratings and Rating Agency Criteria
  • 4.2 – Solve This Scenario
Module 5 Work Order Close, Property Records, and Course Summary

Brings the five-pillar financial strength framework together into an action plan, followed by review questions, the course evaluation, and the NASBA-compliant final exam.

  • 5.1 – Putting It All Together!
  • 5.2 – Review Questions 2
  • 5.3 – Course Evaluation
  • 5.4 – Final Exam for NASBA Certification (10 questions, 70% to pass)
  • 5.5 – What We Learned and Your Next Steps
Course Accreditation
NASBA QAS Self Study
Course # FT-11
Program Level Intermediate
Area of Study Finance – Technical
Delivery QAS Self Study
Prerequisites None
Adv. Preparation None
Exam Questions 10
Passing Grade 70%
CPE Credits 1.50
Content Reviewed 7/19/2026
1.50
NASBA CPE Credits
What Our Students Say

Trusted by Over 1,000 Utility Professionals

★★★★★

"We used the reserve formula from this course almost line-for-line in our last rate case filing. It gave us the framework and the language to defend our reserve position in front of the board."

— David, General Manager
★★★★★

"The section on credit metrics finally made bond rating criteria make sense. I can now walk into a rating agency call and actually follow the conversation."

— Sandra, Finance Manager
★★★★★

"Russ lays out the five-pillar framework so clearly that our board finally understood why 'money in the bank' isn't the same as 'adequate reserves.'"

— Marcus, Operations Manager
★★★★★

"I've worked in utility finance for years and still walked away with a cleaner way to explain net position to new board members."

— Theresa, Staff Accountant
★★★★★

"Our board took this together and it changed how we talk about reserves at every meeting since. Practical, well-organized, and directly applicable."

— Noah, Board Member
★★★★★

"Short, focused, and exactly what I needed before our 5-year financial plan update. The GFOA benchmarks alone were worth the price of the course."

— Julie, CPA
Common Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

What is included and how long do I have access?
All video lessons and course downloads are included. Course access is for 12 months from the date of purchase. Materials are in PDF format, available throughout each lesson.
Will this help me prepare for a rate case or bond issuance?
Yes — the course walks through building a defensible reserve funding justification using peer benchmarks and a multi-year restoration plan, plus the five credit metrics rating agencies evaluate before a bond issuance.
Are courses eligible for NASBA CPE credits?
Yes. This course is approved for 1.50 CPE credits through NASBA. Upon successful completion and a passing grade of 70% or more on the final exam, you'll receive a Certificate of Completion that meets NASBA documentation standards.
Where does the course content come from?
The information is taken from GFOA best-practice guidance, rating agency criteria, and the instructor's direct experience with utilities across the United States and Canada.
What if I have more questions?
We welcome your questions anytime. Email russ.hissom@utilityeducation.com or call 608-628-4020.
Part of a Career Track

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Career Track
New Electric Utility Accounting Professional

Part of the New Electric Utility Accounting Professional career track — a structured set of courses to build core electric utility accounting skills. Courses may be taken in any order.

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Ready to Build Your Utility's Financial Strength?

Utility Accounting and Rates Specialists, LLC is registered with the National Association of State Boards of Accountancy (NASBA) as a sponsor of continuing professional education on the National Registry of CPE Sponsors. State boards of accountancy have final authority on the acceptance of individual courses for CPE credit. Complaints regarding registered sponsors may be submitted to the National Registry of CPE Sponsors through its website: NASBAregistry.org .

Refund & Cancellation Policy

Requests for refunds must be made in writing within 30 days of purchasing the course. No refunds will be granted after the qualified assessment has been completed. For any concerns, please contact us at 608-628-4020 or at russ.hissom@utilityeducation.com .

Legal Note

Course materials are provided for informational and educational purposes only. They do not constitute legal, accounting, or professional advice. © 2026 Utility Accounting & Rates Specialists, LLC. All rights reserved.